References & Additional Reading

ALT Free Flap

Alexander L, Fahrenkopf MP. Free Tissue Transfer of the Lateral Thigh and Anterolateral Thigh. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Updated September 4, 2023. URL: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563253/>

Ali RS, Bluebond-Langner R, Rodriguez ED, Cheng MH. The versatility of the anterolateral thigh flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(6):e160-e170. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181bcf5f5 

Hanasono MM, Skoracki RJ, Yu P. A prospective study of donor-site morbidity after anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous free flap harvest in 220 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(1):209-214. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c2a74b. 

Xu Z, Zhao XP, Yan TL, et al. A 10-year retrospective study of free anterolateral thigh flap application in 872 head and neck tumour cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(9):1114-1118. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2015.04.004 

Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, et al. The free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction: one surgeon's experience in 92 cases. Microsurgery. 2012;32(7):550-556. doi:10.1002/micr.20952. 

Fibula Free Flap

Wong CH, Wei FC. Microsurgical free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Head Neck. 2010;32(9):1236-1245. doi:10.1002/hed.21284.

Kang YF, Shan XF, Zhang L, et al. Vascularized free fibular flap in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction: a 20-year experience at a single institution using 2640 flaps. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(5):1459-1463. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000009193. 

Maglitto F, Troise S, Calabria F, Trotta S, Salzano G, Vaira LA, Abbate V, Bonavolontà P, Dell'Aversana Orabona G. Complications of free flap reconstruction in maxillary and mandibular defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2026;15(2):797. doi:10.3390/jcm15020797. 

Goetz C, Dietz F, Bissinger O, et al. Morbidity of the free fibular flap in reconstructive surgery. Head Neck. 2025. doi:10.1002/hed.28064. 

Allen RJ Jr, Zhang KK, Cohen Z, et al. Reconstructing segmental mandibular defects: a single-center, 21-year experience with 413 fibula free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2026;157(5):911-920. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000012516. 

Wu H, Liu F, Ji F, et al. Identification of independent risk factors for complications: a retrospective analysis of 163 fibular free flaps for mandibulofacial reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(5):1013-1020. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2017.12.015. 

Radial Forearm Free Flap

Scapula Free Flap